Linus Pauling

The 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry honored his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the structure of complex substances: using quantum mechanics he introduced electronegativity, orbital hybridization and resonance, explained bond energies, and predicted protein motifs such as the $\alpha$-helix — work gathered in 'The Nature of the Chemical Bond'. The 1962 Nobel Peace Prize recognized his campaign against nuclear weapons testing, which helped bring about the 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty.